Which concept promotes sustainable farming by applying ecological principles?

Agroecology is the concept that promotes sustainable farming by integrating ecological principles into agricultural practices. This approach emphasizes the relationships between plants, animals, humans, and the environment, encouraging diversity, soil health, and the regeneration of natural resources. By focusing on local ecosystems and traditional farming methods, agroecology supports the resilience of agricultural systems and reduces dependency on synthetic inputs.

In contrast, conventional farming often relies on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and monoculture practices that can deplete soil health and biodiversity over time. Industrial agriculture prioritizes high-volume production and may lead to environmental degradation through practices that are not sustainable in the long run. Monoculture focuses on growing a single crop over an extensive area, which limits biodiversity and can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases, ultimately compromising sustainability.

Thus, agroecology stands out as the only option among those presented that actively seeks to apply ecological principles to create a more sustainable and productive agricultural system.