What is the role of prolactin in mammals?

Prolactin plays a crucial role in the lactation process for mammals, which is why the correct answer highlights its function in maintaining lactation. This hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is essential for initiating and sustaining milk production in females after childbirth. During pregnancy, prolactin levels increase in preparation for milk synthesis, and after birth, it encourages the mammary glands to produce milk, ensuring that nursing infants receive the necessary nutrients for growth and development.

Prolactin's impact is particularly emphasized during breastfeeding, as it helps regulate the amount of milk produced in response to the infant's suckling. The ongoing presence of prolactin is necessary to maintain milk supply; without sufficient levels of this hormone, milk production can decline or cease.

In contrast, the other options refer to functions that do not primarily involve prolactin. For instance, stimulating hormone production pertains to various other hormones and endocrine functions not specifically linked to lactation. Similarly, the regulation of metabolic rate involves different hormones like thyroid hormones and not directly prolactin. Lastly, the stimulation of follicle rupture is primarily associated with luteinizing hormone, which is crucial for ovulation, rather than prolactin's functions. Therefore, the role of prol