What is soil compaction, and why is it a problem?

Soil compaction refers to the process where soil particles are pressed together, leading to a denser arrangement. This densification reduces the spaces (pores) between the soil particles, which in turn affects various soil functions critical for plant growth and overall soil health.

Choosing the option that highlights the reduction in porosity and water infiltration accurately describes the detrimental aspects of soil compaction. When the soil becomes compacted, the available pore space for air and water diminishes significantly. This leads to several agricultural challenges. For example, water cannot percolate easily through compacted layers, leading to poor drainage and increased runoff. Additionally, roots may struggle to penetrate compacted soil, restricting their access to water and nutrients. Consequently, this can result in stunted plant growth, reduced crop yields, and an overall negative impact on soil ecology.

In contrast, the other options suggest benefits or functions that are not associated with soil compaction. These misunderstand the nature of compaction and its impact on soil health and productivity. Therefore, understanding soil compaction as a reduction in porosity and water infiltration helps clarify why it poses a significant problem in agriculture.