How does climate change affect agriculture?

Climate change significantly impacts agriculture by altering various environmental factors essential for crop production. One major effect is the change in precipitation patterns. As climate change progresses, regions may experience either increased rainfall or prolonged dry spells, which can lead to flooding or drought, respectively. Additionally, temperature increases can affect plant growth cycles, pest populations, and disease prevalence. Plants may experience stress due to higher temperatures, leading to reduced yields.

Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and frost events, become more frequent or severe due to climate change. These events can devastate crops, disrupt planting and harvest times, and ultimately affect food security. Therefore, the increased variability and unpredictability in weather and climatic conditions pose significant challenges to agricultural systems, making option B the correct answer.